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the lower part of the trunk

  • 1 frutex

    frŭtex, ĭcis, m. ( fem.:

    Nilotica,

    Mart. Cap. 3, § 225) [prob. kindr. with bruô, to sprout forth], a shrub, bush (cf. arbor).
    I.
    Lit.: ex surculo vel arbor procedit, ut olea, ficus, pirus; vel frutex, ut violae, rosae, arundines;

    vel tertium quiddam, quod neque arborem neque fruticem proprie dixerimus, sicuti est vitis,

    Col. Arb. 1, 2; Col. 8, 15, 5; Plin. 16, 36, 64, § 156; Ov. A. A. 3, 249; Petr. 135:

    numerosus,

    Plin. 18, 24, 55, § 199:

    olerum,

    Col. 11, 3, 63:

    lupini,

    id. 2, 14, 5:

    sucus fruticis recentis,

    Plin. 23, 3, 35, § 71:

    frutices inter membra condebant,

    Lucr. 5, 956:

    his genus omne silvarum fruticumque viret,

    Verg. G. 2, 21:

    in montuosis locis et fruticibus,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16; collect. in the sing.:

    venari asello comite cum vellet leo, Contexit illum frutice,

    Phaedr. 1, 11, 4.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Perh., the lower part of the stem of a tree, the trunk:

    quercus antiqua singulos repente ramos a frutice dedit,

    Suet. Vesp. 5 (al. radice).—
    B.
    As a term of reproach, like caudex, stipes, blockhead:

    nec veri simile loquere nec verum, frutex,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13 Lorenz (Ritschl, rupex); App. Mag. p. 317; v. Oud. ad h. l.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > frutex

  • 2 stirpis

    stirps (collat. form of the nom. stir-pes or stirpis, in the best MSS., Liv. 1, 1 fin.; 41, 8, 10; 26, 13, 16; v. Drak. ad locc.), pis, f. ( poet. and post-Aug.; also m., Enn. ap. Fest. p. 313 Müll., and ap. Non. 226, 32 (Ann. 184); Pac. ap. Non. 227, 2 (Trag. Fragm. 421), and ap. Charis. p. 85 P.; Cato, R. R. 40, 2; Verg. G. 2, 379; id. A. 12, 208; 12, 770; 12, 781; Col. 5, 9, 13; Plin. 8, 26, 40, § 96; cf. Quint. 1, 6, 2) [root star-; cf. sternere; Gr. storennumi; prop. that which extends or spreads].
    I.
    Lit., the lower part of the trunk of plants, including the roots; a stock, stem, stalk; a root (class. and very freq.; cf.

    radix): arborum altitudo nos delectat. radices stirpesque non item,

    Cic. Or. 43, 147:

    terra stirpes amplexa alat,

    id. N. D. 2, 33, 83; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; 2, 47, 120;

    2, 51, 127: ut tantum modo per stirpis alantur suas,

    id. ib. 2, 32, 81:

    sceptrum in silvis imo de stirpe recisum,

    Verg. A. 12, 208: harundo omnis ex unā stirpe numerosa, Plin. 16, 36, 65, §

    163: palmarum stirpibus ali,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 99; so,

    palmarum,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 50, §

    131 (for which: radices palmarum,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 33, § 87); cf.:

    lento in stirpe moratus,

    Verg. A. 12, 781 (for which, just before:

    lentā in radice): stirpes raptas volvere,

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 37:

    validis amplexae stirpibus ulmos,

    Verg. G. 2, 367:

    hic stirpes obruit arvo,

    id. ib. 2, 24:

    domos avium cum stirpibus imis Eruit,

    id. ib. 2, 209; cf.

    of hair: vellere albos ab stirpe capillos,

    Prop. 3 (4), 25, 13; Tib. 1, 8, 45:

    ex hac nimiā licentiā, ut ex stirpe quādam, exsistere, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of vegetables.
    a.
    A plant, shrub (esp. freq. in plur.):

    stirpium naturae,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 4, 10; cf.:

    cum arborum et stirpium eadem paene natura sit,

    id. ib. 5, 11, 33; so (with arbores) id. Phil. 2, 22, 55; (with herbae) id. N. D. 2, 64, 161:

    pati (terram) stirpium asperitate vastari,

    id. ib. 2, 39, 99:

    stirpes tenent,

    Luc. 4, 42:

    internatas saxis stirpes et herbas vellentes,

    Tac. H. 4, 60.—
    b.
    A shoot, sprout:

    rami stirpesque,

    Lucr. 5, 1100:

    stirpem praecisum circumligato, etc.,

    Cato, R. R. 40, 2:

    probatissimum genus stirpis deponere, i. e. malleolos,

    Col. 3, 5, 4:

    stirpem post annum praecidi,

    id. 5, 6, 13:

    stirpis committere ramis,

    engraft, Lucr. 5, 1365.—
    2.
    Of persons.
    a.
    A stem, stock, race, family, lineage (cf.:

    genus, familia): ignoratio stirpis et generis,

    Cic. Lael. 19, 70:

    stirpis ac gentilitatis jus,

    id. de Or. 1, 39, 176:

    qui sunt ejusdem stirpis,

    id. Rab. Post. 1, 2: a stirpe supremo, Enn. ap. Non. 226, 32 (Ann. v. 184 Vahl.):

    divinae stirpis Acestes,

    Verg. A. 5, 711:

    Priami de stirpe,

    id. ib. 5, 297:

    Herculis stirpe generatus,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 12, 24:

    hinc orti stirpe antiquissimā sumus,

    id. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

    hominum sceleratorum,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 34:

    ab stirpe socius et amicus populi Romani,

    Sall. J. 14, 2 et saep.:

    unum relictum, stirpem genti Fabiae futurum,

    Liv. 2, 50 fin.
    b.
    Like Engl. scion, = offspring, descendant, progeny (mostly poet.; not in Cic.): stirps liberum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 16 Müll. (Trag. v. 317 Vahl.); so,

    liberum,

    Liv. 45, 11; cf.:

    aliquis magnā de stirpe nepotum,

    Verg. A. 6, 864:

    stirps et genus omne futurum,

    id. ib. 4, 622; cf.:

    en stirps et progenies tot consulum, tot dictatorum,

    Tac. A. 2, 37 fin.:

    stirpis virilis,

    Liv. 1, 1, 11; cf.:

    qui stirpem ex sese domi relinquerent,

    id. 41, 8, 9.—
    II.
    Trop., source, origin, foundation, first beginning, cause, etc.:

    altae stirpes stultitiae,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

    superstitionis stirpes,

    id. Div. 2, 72, 149:

    virtutis,

    id. Cael. 32, 79:

    quā ex stirpe orirentur amicitiae cognationum,

    id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:

    quodsi exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

    populum a stirpe repetere,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 12, 21 Mos.:

    repetam stirpem juris a naturā,

    id. Leg. 1, 6, 20:

    stirps ac semen malorum omnium,

    id. Cat. 1, 12, 30; cf.:

    ea pars, quae quasi stirps est hujus quaestionis,

    id. Fin. 4, 2, 5:

    non ingenerantur hominibus mores tam a stirpe generis ac seminis, quam, etc.,

    original nature, id. Agr. 2, 35, 95; cf.:

    exoletā stirpe gentis,

    Liv. 37, 8, 4.—So esp. in phrase ab stirpe, utterly:

    Karthago ab stirpe interiit,

    Sall. C. 10, 1:

    gens ab stirpe exstincta est,

    Liv. 9, 34, 19:

    omne genus ab stirpe sublatum esse,

    id. 34, 2, 3; cf.:

    omnis intra annum cum stirpe exstinctos,

    id. 9, 29, 10:

    velut ab stirpibus renata urbs,

    id. 6, 1, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > stirpis

  • 3 stirps

    stirps (collat. form of the nom. stir-pes or stirpis, in the best MSS., Liv. 1, 1 fin.; 41, 8, 10; 26, 13, 16; v. Drak. ad locc.), pis, f. ( poet. and post-Aug.; also m., Enn. ap. Fest. p. 313 Müll., and ap. Non. 226, 32 (Ann. 184); Pac. ap. Non. 227, 2 (Trag. Fragm. 421), and ap. Charis. p. 85 P.; Cato, R. R. 40, 2; Verg. G. 2, 379; id. A. 12, 208; 12, 770; 12, 781; Col. 5, 9, 13; Plin. 8, 26, 40, § 96; cf. Quint. 1, 6, 2) [root star-; cf. sternere; Gr. storennumi; prop. that which extends or spreads].
    I.
    Lit., the lower part of the trunk of plants, including the roots; a stock, stem, stalk; a root (class. and very freq.; cf.

    radix): arborum altitudo nos delectat. radices stirpesque non item,

    Cic. Or. 43, 147:

    terra stirpes amplexa alat,

    id. N. D. 2, 33, 83; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; 2, 47, 120;

    2, 51, 127: ut tantum modo per stirpis alantur suas,

    id. ib. 2, 32, 81:

    sceptrum in silvis imo de stirpe recisum,

    Verg. A. 12, 208: harundo omnis ex unā stirpe numerosa, Plin. 16, 36, 65, §

    163: palmarum stirpibus ali,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 99; so,

    palmarum,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 50, §

    131 (for which: radices palmarum,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 33, § 87); cf.:

    lento in stirpe moratus,

    Verg. A. 12, 781 (for which, just before:

    lentā in radice): stirpes raptas volvere,

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 37:

    validis amplexae stirpibus ulmos,

    Verg. G. 2, 367:

    hic stirpes obruit arvo,

    id. ib. 2, 24:

    domos avium cum stirpibus imis Eruit,

    id. ib. 2, 209; cf.

    of hair: vellere albos ab stirpe capillos,

    Prop. 3 (4), 25, 13; Tib. 1, 8, 45:

    ex hac nimiā licentiā, ut ex stirpe quādam, exsistere, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of vegetables.
    a.
    A plant, shrub (esp. freq. in plur.):

    stirpium naturae,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 4, 10; cf.:

    cum arborum et stirpium eadem paene natura sit,

    id. ib. 5, 11, 33; so (with arbores) id. Phil. 2, 22, 55; (with herbae) id. N. D. 2, 64, 161:

    pati (terram) stirpium asperitate vastari,

    id. ib. 2, 39, 99:

    stirpes tenent,

    Luc. 4, 42:

    internatas saxis stirpes et herbas vellentes,

    Tac. H. 4, 60.—
    b.
    A shoot, sprout:

    rami stirpesque,

    Lucr. 5, 1100:

    stirpem praecisum circumligato, etc.,

    Cato, R. R. 40, 2:

    probatissimum genus stirpis deponere, i. e. malleolos,

    Col. 3, 5, 4:

    stirpem post annum praecidi,

    id. 5, 6, 13:

    stirpis committere ramis,

    engraft, Lucr. 5, 1365.—
    2.
    Of persons.
    a.
    A stem, stock, race, family, lineage (cf.:

    genus, familia): ignoratio stirpis et generis,

    Cic. Lael. 19, 70:

    stirpis ac gentilitatis jus,

    id. de Or. 1, 39, 176:

    qui sunt ejusdem stirpis,

    id. Rab. Post. 1, 2: a stirpe supremo, Enn. ap. Non. 226, 32 (Ann. v. 184 Vahl.):

    divinae stirpis Acestes,

    Verg. A. 5, 711:

    Priami de stirpe,

    id. ib. 5, 297:

    Herculis stirpe generatus,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 12, 24:

    hinc orti stirpe antiquissimā sumus,

    id. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

    hominum sceleratorum,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 34:

    ab stirpe socius et amicus populi Romani,

    Sall. J. 14, 2 et saep.:

    unum relictum, stirpem genti Fabiae futurum,

    Liv. 2, 50 fin.
    b.
    Like Engl. scion, = offspring, descendant, progeny (mostly poet.; not in Cic.): stirps liberum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 16 Müll. (Trag. v. 317 Vahl.); so,

    liberum,

    Liv. 45, 11; cf.:

    aliquis magnā de stirpe nepotum,

    Verg. A. 6, 864:

    stirps et genus omne futurum,

    id. ib. 4, 622; cf.:

    en stirps et progenies tot consulum, tot dictatorum,

    Tac. A. 2, 37 fin.:

    stirpis virilis,

    Liv. 1, 1, 11; cf.:

    qui stirpem ex sese domi relinquerent,

    id. 41, 8, 9.—
    II.
    Trop., source, origin, foundation, first beginning, cause, etc.:

    altae stirpes stultitiae,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

    superstitionis stirpes,

    id. Div. 2, 72, 149:

    virtutis,

    id. Cael. 32, 79:

    quā ex stirpe orirentur amicitiae cognationum,

    id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:

    quodsi exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

    populum a stirpe repetere,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 12, 21 Mos.:

    repetam stirpem juris a naturā,

    id. Leg. 1, 6, 20:

    stirps ac semen malorum omnium,

    id. Cat. 1, 12, 30; cf.:

    ea pars, quae quasi stirps est hujus quaestionis,

    id. Fin. 4, 2, 5:

    non ingenerantur hominibus mores tam a stirpe generis ac seminis, quam, etc.,

    original nature, id. Agr. 2, 35, 95; cf.:

    exoletā stirpe gentis,

    Liv. 37, 8, 4.—So esp. in phrase ab stirpe, utterly:

    Karthago ab stirpe interiit,

    Sall. C. 10, 1:

    gens ab stirpe exstincta est,

    Liv. 9, 34, 19:

    omne genus ab stirpe sublatum esse,

    id. 34, 2, 3; cf.:

    omnis intra annum cum stirpe exstinctos,

    id. 9, 29, 10:

    velut ab stirpibus renata urbs,

    id. 6, 1, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > stirps

  • 4 stirps

        stirps (rarely stirpis, once stirpēs, L.), pis, f or (poet.) m    [STER-].—Of plants, the lower part of the trunk, stock, stem, stalk, root: terra stirpes amplexa: ut tantum modo per stirpīs alantur suas: sceptrum in silvis imo de stirpe recisum, V.: domos avium cum stirpibus imis Eruit, V.— Of hair: vellere ab stirpe capillos, by the roots, Pr., Tb.— A plant, shrub ; usu. plur: stirpium naturae: in seminibus est causa arborum et stirpium. —Of persons, a stem, stock, race, family, lineage: ignoratio stirpis et generis: qui sunt eius stirpis: divina, V.: Herculis stirpe generatus: ab stirpe socius atque amicus populi R., S.— A scion, offspring, descendant, progeny: quibus stirpes deesset, L.: stirps et genus omne futurum, V.: stirpis virilis ex novo matrimonio fuit, a son, L.—Fig., a root, source, origin, foundation, beginning, cause: altae stirpes stultitiae: populum a stirpe repetere: malorum omnium: gentis, L.: Carthago ab stirpe interiit, utterly, S.— Inborn character, nature: non ingenerantur hominibus mores a stirpe generis: nondum exoletā stirpe gentis, L.
    * * *
    I II
    stock, plant; race, lineage; character

    Latin-English dictionary > stirps

  • 5 robor

    rōbur ( rōbor, v. Lucr. p. 140 Lachm.; also an older form rōbus, Cato, R. R. 17, 1; Col. 2, 6, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 264 Müll.), ŏris, n. [cf. Sanscr. radh-as, abundance; Gr. rhônnumi for rhôthnumi, to strengthen, rhômê], a very hard kind of oak (cf.:

    quercus, ilex),

    Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 19; 16, 7, 10, § 28; 16, 38, 73, § 186; 16, 40, 76, § 204; 16, 40, 77, § 218.— Hence,
    I.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen., a very hard kind of tree or wood:

    morsus roboris,

    i. e. of the wild olive, Verg. A. 12, 783 (a little before: foliis oleaster amaris Hic steterat);

    so of the same,

    id. G. 2, 305; cf.:

    solido de robore myrtus,

    id. ib. 2, 64:

    annoso validam robore quercum,

    i. e. of an old and sturdy trunk, id. A. 4, 441; so,

    annoso robore quercus,

    Ov. M. 8, 743:

    antiquo robore quercus,

    with ancient trunk, Verg. G. 3, 332:

    Massyla, i. e. citri,

    Stat. S. 3, 3, 94; also,

    Maurorum,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 39.—
    2.
    Absol., usu., an oak-tree, an oak in gen.:

    fixa est pariter cum robore cervix,

    i. e. was pinned fast to the oak, Ov. M. 3, 92:

    agitata robora pulsant (delphines),

    id. ib. 1, 303.—
    3.
    Oak-wood, oak:

    naves totae factae ex robore,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 13; cf.:

    (sapiens) non est e saxo sculptus aut e robore dolatus,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101; and with this cf. id. Div. 2, 41, 85. — Poet.:

    illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

    o saxis nimirum et robore nati!

    Stat. Th. 4, 340. —
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Of things made of oak or of any other hard wood.
    1.
    In gen.:

    Lacedaemonii cottidianis epulis in robore accumbunt,

    i. e. on oaken, hard benches, Cic. Mur. 35, 74.— So of the wooden horse before Troy:

    sacrum,

    Verg. A. 2, 230; of a lance:

    ferro praefixum,

    id. ib. 10, 479; Sil. 2, 244; 267; of a club, Ov. M. 12, 349; Mart. 9, 44, 4 et saep.:

    aratri,

    i. e. the oaken plough, Verg. G. 1, 162; Val. Fl. 7, 555.—
    2.
    In partic., the lower and stronger part of the prison at Rome, built by Servius Tullius, was called Robur (also Tullianum):

    Robus in carcere dicitur is locus, quo praecipitatur maleficorum genus, quod ante arcis robusteis includebatur, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. robum, p. 264 Müll.: in robore et tenebris exspiret,

    Liv. 38, 59 fin.:

    robur et saxum minitari,

    Tac. A. 4, 29; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1:

    verbera, carnifices, robur,

    Lucr. 3, 1017; Hor. C. 2, 13, 19 (v. carcer and Tullianum).—
    B.
    Hardness, strength, firmness, vigor, power (cf. vires; v. Fabri ad Liv. 21, 1, 2).
    1.
    Lit.:

    duri robora ferri,

    Lucr. 2, 449; so,

    ferri,

    Verg. A. 7, 609:

    saxi,

    Lucr. 1, 882:

    navium,

    Liv. 37, 30: omnia pariter crescunt et robora sumunt, gain strength, [p. 1598] Lucr. 5, 820; 895; cf.:

    qui si jam satis aetatis atque roboris haberet, ipse pro Sex. Roscio diceret,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149:

    paululum jam roboris accessit aetati,

    id. Cael. 30, 73:

    solidaeque suo stant robore vires,

    Verg. A. 2, 639; Vulg. Judic. 8, 21:

    si quod est robur,

    Flor. 2, 1, 1.—
    2.
    Trop., power, strength, force, vigor (very freq.):

    alter virtutis robore firmior quam aetatis,

    Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 16:

    in animi excelsi atque invicti magnitudine ac robore,

    id. Off. 1, 5, 14; so,

    animi (with magnitudo),

    id. de Or. 2, 84, 343; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95:

    robur incredibile animi,

    id. Mil. 37, 101:

    quantum in cujusque animo roboris est ac nervorum,

    id. Fam. 6, 1, 3:

    multo plus firmamenti ac roboris,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; so (with firmamentum) id. Mur. 28, 58; (with firmitas) id. Fin. 5, 5, 12:

    hi tot equites Romani quid roboris hujus petitioni attulerunt?

    id. Planc. 8, 21:

    pectus robore fultum,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11:

    te mea robora fallunt,

    id. H. 16, 367:

    velocitate pari, robore animi virumque praestanti,

    Liv. 24, 26, 11:

    verba quanti roboris plena,

    Sen. Ep 10, 3:

    qui robur aliquod in stilo fecerint,

    Quint. 10, 3, 10; cf.:

    robur oratorium adicere sententiis,

    id. 10, 5, 4; 8, prooem. §

    3: illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

    O saxis nimirum et robore nati,

    Stat. Th. 4, 340. —
    b.
    Authority: nostrarum constitutionum, Just. Inst. prooem. 6.—
    c.
    Concr., the strongest, most effective, or best part, the pith, kernel, strength of any thing; of soldiers, the flower of the troops, choice troops, etc. (freq. and class.):

    versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore,

    Cic. Or. 10, 34: et robur et suboles militum interiit, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33; cf.:

    quod fuit roboris, duobus proeliis interiit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 87:

    quod roboris ea provincia habuerat,

    Liv. 30, 2; Ov. M. 14, 454 al.:

    senatūs robur,

    Liv. 5, 39. — Plur.:

    tunc C. Flavius Pusio, Cn. Titinnius, C. Maecenas, illa robora populi Romani,

    Cic. Clu. 56, 163:

    haec sunt nostra robora,

    id. Att. 6, 5, 3; Liv. 7, 7; 12; 21, 54; 22, 6; 23, 16; 25, 6 init.:

    robora pubis,

    Verg. A. 8, 518; Ov. M. 7, 510:

    ingentia robora virorum,

    Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

    conferta robora virorum,

    Curt. 3, 5, 13: betae, i. e. stalks, Col. poët. 10, 326. — Of a place, a stronghold:

    quod coloniam virium et opum validam robur ac sedem bello legisset,

    Tac. H. 2, 19.— Absol.: robus, the name of an excellent kind of wheat:

    quoniam et pondere et nitore praestat,

    Col. 2, 6, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > robor

  • 6 robur

    rōbur ( rōbor, v. Lucr. p. 140 Lachm.; also an older form rōbus, Cato, R. R. 17, 1; Col. 2, 6, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 264 Müll.), ŏris, n. [cf. Sanscr. radh-as, abundance; Gr. rhônnumi for rhôthnumi, to strengthen, rhômê], a very hard kind of oak (cf.:

    quercus, ilex),

    Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 19; 16, 7, 10, § 28; 16, 38, 73, § 186; 16, 40, 76, § 204; 16, 40, 77, § 218.— Hence,
    I.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen., a very hard kind of tree or wood:

    morsus roboris,

    i. e. of the wild olive, Verg. A. 12, 783 (a little before: foliis oleaster amaris Hic steterat);

    so of the same,

    id. G. 2, 305; cf.:

    solido de robore myrtus,

    id. ib. 2, 64:

    annoso validam robore quercum,

    i. e. of an old and sturdy trunk, id. A. 4, 441; so,

    annoso robore quercus,

    Ov. M. 8, 743:

    antiquo robore quercus,

    with ancient trunk, Verg. G. 3, 332:

    Massyla, i. e. citri,

    Stat. S. 3, 3, 94; also,

    Maurorum,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 39.—
    2.
    Absol., usu., an oak-tree, an oak in gen.:

    fixa est pariter cum robore cervix,

    i. e. was pinned fast to the oak, Ov. M. 3, 92:

    agitata robora pulsant (delphines),

    id. ib. 1, 303.—
    3.
    Oak-wood, oak:

    naves totae factae ex robore,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 13; cf.:

    (sapiens) non est e saxo sculptus aut e robore dolatus,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101; and with this cf. id. Div. 2, 41, 85. — Poet.:

    illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

    o saxis nimirum et robore nati!

    Stat. Th. 4, 340. —
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Of things made of oak or of any other hard wood.
    1.
    In gen.:

    Lacedaemonii cottidianis epulis in robore accumbunt,

    i. e. on oaken, hard benches, Cic. Mur. 35, 74.— So of the wooden horse before Troy:

    sacrum,

    Verg. A. 2, 230; of a lance:

    ferro praefixum,

    id. ib. 10, 479; Sil. 2, 244; 267; of a club, Ov. M. 12, 349; Mart. 9, 44, 4 et saep.:

    aratri,

    i. e. the oaken plough, Verg. G. 1, 162; Val. Fl. 7, 555.—
    2.
    In partic., the lower and stronger part of the prison at Rome, built by Servius Tullius, was called Robur (also Tullianum):

    Robus in carcere dicitur is locus, quo praecipitatur maleficorum genus, quod ante arcis robusteis includebatur, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. robum, p. 264 Müll.: in robore et tenebris exspiret,

    Liv. 38, 59 fin.:

    robur et saxum minitari,

    Tac. A. 4, 29; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1:

    verbera, carnifices, robur,

    Lucr. 3, 1017; Hor. C. 2, 13, 19 (v. carcer and Tullianum).—
    B.
    Hardness, strength, firmness, vigor, power (cf. vires; v. Fabri ad Liv. 21, 1, 2).
    1.
    Lit.:

    duri robora ferri,

    Lucr. 2, 449; so,

    ferri,

    Verg. A. 7, 609:

    saxi,

    Lucr. 1, 882:

    navium,

    Liv. 37, 30: omnia pariter crescunt et robora sumunt, gain strength, [p. 1598] Lucr. 5, 820; 895; cf.:

    qui si jam satis aetatis atque roboris haberet, ipse pro Sex. Roscio diceret,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149:

    paululum jam roboris accessit aetati,

    id. Cael. 30, 73:

    solidaeque suo stant robore vires,

    Verg. A. 2, 639; Vulg. Judic. 8, 21:

    si quod est robur,

    Flor. 2, 1, 1.—
    2.
    Trop., power, strength, force, vigor (very freq.):

    alter virtutis robore firmior quam aetatis,

    Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 16:

    in animi excelsi atque invicti magnitudine ac robore,

    id. Off. 1, 5, 14; so,

    animi (with magnitudo),

    id. de Or. 2, 84, 343; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95:

    robur incredibile animi,

    id. Mil. 37, 101:

    quantum in cujusque animo roboris est ac nervorum,

    id. Fam. 6, 1, 3:

    multo plus firmamenti ac roboris,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; so (with firmamentum) id. Mur. 28, 58; (with firmitas) id. Fin. 5, 5, 12:

    hi tot equites Romani quid roboris hujus petitioni attulerunt?

    id. Planc. 8, 21:

    pectus robore fultum,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11:

    te mea robora fallunt,

    id. H. 16, 367:

    velocitate pari, robore animi virumque praestanti,

    Liv. 24, 26, 11:

    verba quanti roboris plena,

    Sen. Ep 10, 3:

    qui robur aliquod in stilo fecerint,

    Quint. 10, 3, 10; cf.:

    robur oratorium adicere sententiis,

    id. 10, 5, 4; 8, prooem. §

    3: illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

    O saxis nimirum et robore nati,

    Stat. Th. 4, 340. —
    b.
    Authority: nostrarum constitutionum, Just. Inst. prooem. 6.—
    c.
    Concr., the strongest, most effective, or best part, the pith, kernel, strength of any thing; of soldiers, the flower of the troops, choice troops, etc. (freq. and class.):

    versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore,

    Cic. Or. 10, 34: et robur et suboles militum interiit, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33; cf.:

    quod fuit roboris, duobus proeliis interiit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 87:

    quod roboris ea provincia habuerat,

    Liv. 30, 2; Ov. M. 14, 454 al.:

    senatūs robur,

    Liv. 5, 39. — Plur.:

    tunc C. Flavius Pusio, Cn. Titinnius, C. Maecenas, illa robora populi Romani,

    Cic. Clu. 56, 163:

    haec sunt nostra robora,

    id. Att. 6, 5, 3; Liv. 7, 7; 12; 21, 54; 22, 6; 23, 16; 25, 6 init.:

    robora pubis,

    Verg. A. 8, 518; Ov. M. 7, 510:

    ingentia robora virorum,

    Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

    conferta robora virorum,

    Curt. 3, 5, 13: betae, i. e. stalks, Col. poët. 10, 326. — Of a place, a stronghold:

    quod coloniam virium et opum validam robur ac sedem bello legisset,

    Tac. H. 2, 19.— Absol.: robus, the name of an excellent kind of wheat:

    quoniam et pondere et nitore praestat,

    Col. 2, 6, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > robur

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